| ©copyright Raimo Olavi Toivonen 1982-2022. All rights reserved. Last updated on March 13, 2022. |
Google Scholar "loudness scale" 1.760 results.
Google Scholar "sone scale" 805 results.
Google "loudness spectrum" Bark 521 results.
Google Scholar "loudness spectrum" Bark 151 results.
Google Images "loudness spectrum" "Bark" many results.
Psychoacoustic links to "en.wikipedia.org/wiki":
Psychoacoustics
Auditory
Auditive
Auditory phonetics
Auditory system anatomy
Sone scale
Phon scale
Loudness
Equal-loudness contours
Fletcher-Munson curves
Bark scale
Critical bands
Auditory Filters
ERB scale (Equivalent rectangular bandwidth)
Mel scale
Semitone scale
Hertz scale
Sound pressure
SPL (Sound pressure level)
Stevens's power law
Stanley Smith Stevens
Harvey Fletcher
Karl Eberhard Zwicker The terms "auditory" and "auditive" are different concepts. ISA expressly uses the term "auditory".
I am already 39 years used routinely Bark scale and the auritory filter bank model since my Otaniemi year 1983. I developed our own auditory filter bank model together with professor Matti Karjalainen.
Over the years, I
have coded
as a
DSP man
auditory filter bank model completely from zero
(1)
for "PDP-11/34
Floating Point Systems FPS 100 Vector Processor" in
Fortran,
(2) for the
Texas 16-bit
TMS320 signal processor family in machine language,
(3)
for
Motorola's 16- and 32-bit
M68000 microprocessor families in machine language and
C language,
(4)
for
IBM 600 Series 32-bit
PowerPC Microprocessor Family in machine language and
C language,
(5)
for
Intel 32-bit and 64-bit microprocessor families in
C++ language.
Analysis pictures I have coded from the very beginning in Neon object-oriented programming language.
Loudness formula is N=2(L-40)/10. Unit of loudness is Sone. L is sound volume level dBSPL of sine sound.
Hz is converted to Bark by the formula x/Bark=7ln[f/650+√(1+(f/650)2)] and Barks are converted to Hz by the formula f/Hz=650sinh(x/7).
I have
used the above Bark conversion formulas since 1983.
SYNTE2 said 45 years ago 1977, "Tämä on ohjelma, joka käsittelee tulevaisuutta"
(This is a program about the future). The loudness values for the named segments on the sone scale are "Tämä" 31, 48, 33, 46, "on" 53, 32, "ohjelma" 46, 28, 40, 55, 56, 34, 49, "joka" 34, 54, 20, 58, "käsittelee" 44, 62, 60, 55, 16, 56, 61, 57, "tulevaisuutta"
20, 44, 47, 52, 27, 57, 54, 60, 13, 62.
Loudness spectrum in sone scale. In the case of the image, the total loudness in scale sones is almost entirely generated by speech below 1.5 kHz.
The man says 8 long vowels. When segmented and raised by the ISA's segment editor to the same SPL level, the sone scale yields values of 47, 44, 33, 42, 35, 34, 40, 36. Vocals of the same volume differ markedly in the sone scale of 33-47.
The woman says 8 long vowels. When segmented and raised by the ISA's segment editor to the same SPL level, the sone scale yields values of 53, 46, 36, 44, 34, 34, 54, 36. Vocals of the same loudness differ significantly from one another to a sone scale of 34-54.
