Present perfect = Present of TER + past participle of the verb
Past perfect = Imperfect of TER + past participle of the verb

(This table with without example verbs)

* Not used in colloquial Portuguese, replaced with ir + infinitive of the verb
** Pluperfect is only used in literatory language, use Past Perfect instead in colloquial Portuguese. This is the only table with Pluperfect, later on it is removed from tables.

infinitive/ gerund/ participle		S U B J U N C T I V E			imperative	conditional***	conjugated infinitive
		present	imperfect	future
CANTAR (to sing) cant-ando cant-ado	S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3	cant-e - cant-e cant-emos - cant-em	cant-asse - cant-asse cant-ássemos - cant-assem	cant-ar - cant-ar cant-armos - cant-arem	cant-a cant-e cant-emos - cant-em	cant-aria - cant-aria cant-aríamos - cant-ariam	cant-ar - cant-ar cant-armos - cant-arem
VENDER (to sell) vend-endo vend-ido	S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3	vend-a - vend-a vend-amos - vend-am	vend-esse - vend-esse vend-êssemos - vend-essem	vend-er - vend-er vend-ermos - vend-erem	vend-e vend-a vend-amos - vend-am	vend-eria - vend-eria vend-eríamos - vend-eriam	vend-er - vend-er vend-ermos - vend-erem
PARTIR (to leave) part-indo part-ido	S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3	part-a - part-a part-amos - part-am	part-isse - part-isse part-íssemos - part-issem	part-ir - part-ir part-irmos - part-irem	part-e part-a part-amos - part-am	part-iria - part-iria part-iríamos - part-iriam	part-ir - part-ir part-irmos - part-irem

*** Usually replaced with imperfect

In Portuguese there is about 90 irregular verbs (some or all personal forms irregular), about 20 of them regularly* used verbs.

* No pun intended

Notice that subjuctive present is same as imperative, except that imperative doesn't have 1st person (in European Portuguese used 2nd person forms are different). Subjuctive future is the same as conjugated infinitive.

Tip: Study first present, preterite, gerundi and participle. Preterite is more used than imperfect.

Corrections:
		11.7.99		cantasses >> cantasse		Marcos

Some examples

Present		I drink		Eu bebo
Present participle		I am eating		Eu estou comendo		estar + gerundi
Preterite		I talked		Eu falei
Present perfect		I have been studying		Eu tenho estudado		ter + participle

In European Portuguese estar a or andar a + infinitive (estou a comer).

Letter changes in conjugation

-IR, first person singular stem vowel: e i

verb ending -IR, stem vowel e in the first person singular changes to i

Examples:
servir (to serve) eu sirvo
preferir (to prefer) eu prefiro

-IR, first person singular stem vowel: o u

verb ending -IR, stem vowel o in the first person singular changes to u

Example:
dormir (to sleep) eu durmo

-AR, when ends in "c, ç, g" and followed by "e": c, ç, g qu, c, gu

verb ending -AR, when the stem of the verb ends in "c", "ç", "g", it changes to "qu", "c", "gu" when when followed by "e"

Examples:
ficar (to stay, to become, to be) eu fiquei
reforçar (to reinforce) eu reforcei
chegar (to arrive) eu cheguei

-ER, when ends in "c" or "gu" and followed by "a" or "o": c, gu ç, g
-IR, when ends in "c" or "gu" and followed by "a" or "o": c, gu j, g

verb ending -ER, when the stem of the verb ends in "c" or "gu", it changes to "ç", "g", when when followed by "a" or "o"

verb ending -IR, when the stem of the verb ends in "c" or "gu", it changes to "j", "g", when when followed by "a" or "o"

Examples:
vencer (to win) eu venço, ele vença
erguer (to lift, to build) eu ergo, ela erga

The rest of the page is about European Portuguese!
(I included this table, because 2nd person singular is used in some parts of Brazil)

In European Portuguese 2nd person singular forms are used, 2nd person plural is used only in formal speech.

Latest update: 1999-07-11 (YYYY-MM-DD)
Please email corrections to marko.huuhilo@sci.fi